COVER INFORMATION Station: YEBES40M (Code Ys ) Experiment: SN2012AU Exp. Code: EL071A Schedule Version: 2.00 Processed by SCHED version: 11.60 Release 11.6; April 2020 PI: Lazda Address: University of Toronto 50 St. George Street Toronto Canada Phone: +15148092418 EMAIL: mattias.lazda@mail.utoronto.ca Fax: Phone during observation: Observing mode: vlbi Notes: # Please, make sure PHASE CAL is OFF # COVER LETTER: Schedule for YEBES40M (Code Ys ) Page 2 SN2012AU UP: D => Below limits; H => Below horizon mask; W => still slewing at end; blank => Up. Early: Seconds between end of slew and start. Dwell: On source seconds. Disk: GBytes recorded to this point. TPStart: Recording start time. Frequencies are LO sum (band edge). SYNC: Time correlator is expected to sync up. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Start UT Source Start / Stop Early Disk TPStart Stop UT LST EL AZ HA UP ParA Dwell GBytes SYNC ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --- Thu 29 Feb 2024 Day 60 --- Next scan frequencies: 4830.49 4830.49 4830.49 4830.49 4894.49 4894.49 4894.49 4894.49 4958.49 4958.49 4958.49 4958.49 5022.49 5022.49 5022.49 5022.49 Next BBC frequencies: 672.49 672.49 672.49 672.49 736.49 736.49 736.49 736.49 800.49 800.49 800.49 800.49 864.49 864.49 864.49 864.49 Next scan bandwidths: 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 21 30 00 J1159+2914 07 54 24 39.2 82.6 -4.1 -59.6 0 0 21 30 00 21 35 00 --- 07 59 25 40.1 83.3 -4.0 -59.8 300 77 21 30 01 21 37 00 B0950+08 08 01 26 48.7 134.7 -1.9 -33.1 54 77 21 37 00 21 42 20 --- 08 06 46 49.4 136.4 -1.8 -32.0 320 160 21 37 01 21 59 20 SN2012AU 08 23 49 9.3 112.4 -4.5 -45.6 962 160 21 59 20 22 02 50 --- 08 27 20 9.9 113.0 -4.5 -45.4 210 214 21 59 21 22 10 10 SN2012AU 08 34 41 11.2 114.3 -4.4 -44.8 425 214 22 10 10 22 13 40 --- 08 38 12 11.8 114.9 -4.3 -44.5 210 268 22 10 11 22 13 40 J1305-1033 08 38 12 9.8 113.2 -4.5 -45.3 -17 268 No stop 22 16 00 --- 08 40 32 10.2 113.6 -4.4 -45.1 123 304 22 13 41 22 16 00 SN2012AU 08 40 32 12.2 115.3 -4.3 -44.3 -17 304 No stop 22 19 30 --- 08 44 03 12.8 116.0 -4.2 -44.0 193 358 22 16 01 22 20 10 J1305-1033 08 44 43 10.9 114.4 -4.4 -44.8 23 358 22 20 10 22 22 10 --- 08 46 43 11.2 114.7 -4.3 -44.6 120 389 22 20 11 22 22 10 SN2012AU 08 46 43 13.3 116.4 -4.2 -43.8 -17 389 No stop 22 25 40 --- 08 50 14 13.9 117.1 -4.1 -43.5 193 443 22 22 11 22 25 40 J1305-1033 08 50 14 11.8 115.4 -4.3 -44.3 -17 443 No stop 22 28 00 --- 08 52 34 12.2 115.8 -4.2 -44.1 123 479 22 25 41 22 28 00 J1303-1051 08 52 34 12.4 116.4 -4.2 -43.9 -16 479 No stop 22 30 30 --- 08 55 04 12.8 116.9 -4.2 -43.7 134 518 22 28 01 22 31 00 J1305-1033 08 55 34 12.8 116.3 -4.2 -43.9 14 518 22 31 00 22 33 00 --- 08 57 35 13.1 116.7 -4.2 -43.7 120 549 22 31 01 22 33 00 SN2012AU 08 57 35 15.1 118.5 -4.0 -42.8 -17 549 No stop 22 36 30 --- 09 01 05 15.7 119.1 -3.9 -42.5 193 603 22 33 01 22 36 30 J1305-1033 09 01 05 13.7 117.3 -4.1 -43.4 -17 603 No stop 22 38 50 --- 09 03 26 14.1 117.8 -4.1 -43.2 123 639 22 36 31 Schedule for YEBES40M (Code Ys ) Page 3 SN2012AU UP: D => Below limits; H => Below horizon mask; W => still slewing at end; blank => Up. Early: Seconds between end of slew and start. Dwell: On source seconds. Disk: GBytes recorded to this point. TPStart: Recording start time. Frequencies are LO sum (band edge). SYNC: Time correlator is expected to sync up. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Start UT Source Start / Stop Early Disk TPStart Stop UT LST EL AZ HA UP ParA Dwell GBytes SYNC ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --- Thu 29 Feb 2024 Day 60 --- 22 38 50 SN2012AU 09 03 26 16.1 119.6 -3.9 -42.2 -17 639 No stop 22 42 20 --- 09 06 56 16.7 120.2 -3.8 -41.9 193 693 22 38 51 22 43 00 J1305-1033 09 07 36 14.8 118.5 -4.0 -42.8 23 693 22 43 00 22 45 00 --- 09 09 37 15.1 118.9 -4.0 -42.6 120 724 22 43 01 22 45 00 SN2012AU 09 09 37 17.1 120.7 -3.8 -41.6 -17 724 No stop 22 48 30 --- 09 13 07 17.7 121.4 -3.7 -41.3 193 778 22 45 01 22 48 30 J1305-1033 09 13 07 15.7 119.6 -3.9 -42.3 -17 778 No stop 22 50 50 --- 09 15 28 16.1 120.0 -3.9 -42.0 123 814 22 48 31 22 50 50 J1303-1051 09 15 28 16.2 120.7 -3.8 -41.8 -16 814 No stop 22 53 20 --- 09 17 58 16.7 121.2 -3.8 -41.5 134 853 22 50 51 22 53 50 J1305-1033 09 18 28 16.6 120.6 -3.8 -41.7 14 853 22 53 50 22 55 50 --- 09 20 29 16.9 121.0 -3.8 -41.5 120 884 22 53 51 22 55 50 SN2012AU 09 20 29 18.9 122.9 -3.6 -40.5 -17 884 No stop 22 59 20 --- 09 23 59 19.4 123.6 -3.5 -40.1 193 938 22 55 51 22 59 20 J1305-1033 09 23 59 17.5 121.7 -3.7 -41.2 -17 938 No stop 23 01 40 --- 09 26 20 17.9 122.1 -3.7 -40.9 123 974 22 59 21 23 01 40 SN2012AU 09 26 20 19.8 124.0 -3.5 -39.8 -17 974 No stop 23 05 10 --- 09 29 50 20.3 124.7 -3.4 -39.4 193 1028 23 01 41 23 05 50 J1305-1033 09 30 30 18.5 122.9 -3.6 -40.5 23 1028 23 05 50 23 07 50 --- 09 32 31 18.8 123.3 -3.6 -40.3 120 1059 23 05 51 23 07 50 SN2012AU 09 32 31 20.8 125.3 -3.4 -39.1 -17 1059 No stop 23 11 20 --- 09 36 01 21.3 126.0 -3.3 -38.7 193 1113 23 07 51 23 11 20 J1305-1033 09 36 01 19.4 124.0 -3.5 -39.9 -17 1113 No stop 23 13 40 --- 09 38 21 19.8 124.5 -3.5 -39.6 123 1149 23 11 21 23 13 40 J1303-1051 09 38 21 19.9 125.2 -3.4 -39.3 -16 1149 No stop 23 16 10 --- 09 40 52 20.3 125.7 -3.4 -39.0 134 1188 23 13 41 23 16 40 J1305-1033 09 41 22 20.2 125.1 -3.4 -39.3 14 1188 23 16 40 23 18 40 --- 09 43 22 20.5 125.5 -3.4 -39.0 120 1219 23 16 41 23 18 40 SN2012AU 09 43 22 22.4 127.5 -3.2 -37.8 -17 1219 No stop 23 22 10 --- 09 46 53 22.9 128.3 -3.2 -37.4 193 1273 23 18 41 Schedule for YEBES40M (Code Ys ) Page 4 SN2012AU UP: D => Below limits; H => Below horizon mask; W => still slewing at end; blank => Up. Early: Seconds between end of slew and start. Dwell: On source seconds. Disk: GBytes recorded to this point. TPStart: Recording start time. Frequencies are LO sum (band edge). SYNC: Time correlator is expected to sync up. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Start UT Source Start / Stop Early Disk TPStart Stop UT LST EL AZ HA UP ParA Dwell GBytes SYNC ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --- Thu 29 Feb 2024 Day 60 --- 23 22 10 J1305-1033 09 46 53 21.1 126.2 -3.3 -38.6 -17 1273 No stop 23 24 30 --- 09 49 13 21.4 126.7 -3.3 -38.3 123 1309 23 22 11 23 24 30 SN2012AU 09 49 13 23.3 128.8 -3.1 -37.1 -17 1309 No stop 23 28 00 --- 09 52 44 23.8 129.5 -3.1 -36.6 193 1363 23 24 31 23 28 40 J1305-1033 09 53 24 22.1 127.6 -3.2 -37.8 23 1363 23 28 40 23 30 40 --- 09 55 24 22.4 128.0 -3.2 -37.6 120 1394 23 28 41 23 30 40 SN2012AU 09 55 24 24.2 130.1 -3.0 -36.2 -17 1394 No stop 23 34 10 --- 09 58 55 24.7 130.9 -3.0 -35.8 193 1448 23 30 41 23 34 10 J1305-1033 09 58 55 22.9 128.7 -3.1 -37.1 -17 1448 No stop 23 36 30 --- 10 01 15 23.2 129.2 -3.1 -36.8 123 1484 23 34 11 23 36 30 J1303-1051 10 01 15 23.3 129.9 -3.1 -36.4 -16 1484 No stop 23 39 00 --- 10 03 46 23.7 130.5 -3.0 -36.1 134 1523 23 36 31 23 39 30 J1305-1033 10 04 16 23.7 129.9 -3.0 -36.4 14 1523 23 39 30 23 41 30 --- 10 06 16 24.0 130.3 -3.0 -36.1 120 1554 23 39 31 23 41 30 SN2012AU 10 06 16 25.8 132.5 -2.8 -34.7 -17 1554 No stop 23 45 00 --- 10 09 47 26.2 133.3 -2.8 -34.2 193 1608 23 41 31 23 45 00 J1305-1033 10 09 47 24.5 131.1 -3.0 -35.7 -17 1608 No stop 23 47 20 --- 10 12 07 24.8 131.6 -2.9 -35.3 123 1644 23 45 01 23 47 20 SN2012AU 10 12 07 26.6 133.8 -2.7 -33.9 -17 1644 No stop 23 50 50 --- 10 15 38 27.0 134.6 -2.7 -33.4 193 1698 23 47 21 23 51 30 J1305-1033 10 16 18 25.4 132.5 -2.8 -34.7 23 1698 23 51 30 23 53 30 --- 10 18 18 25.7 133.0 -2.8 -34.5 120 1729 23 51 31 23 53 30 SN2012AU 10 18 18 27.4 135.2 -2.6 -33.0 -17 1729 No stop 23 57 00 --- 10 21 49 27.9 136.1 -2.6 -32.4 193 1783 23 53 31 23 57 00 J1305-1033 10 21 49 26.2 133.8 -2.8 -34.0 -17 1783 No stop 23 59 20 --- 10 24 09 26.5 134.3 -2.7 -33.6 123 1819 23 57 01 --- Start: Thu 29 Feb 2024 Day 60 -- Stop: Fri 1 Mar 2024 Day 61 --- 23 59 20 J1303-1051 10 24 09 26.6 135.0 -2.7 -33.2 -16 1819 No stop 00 01 50 --- 10 26 39 26.9 135.6 -2.6 -32.8 134 1858 23 59 21 Schedule for YEBES40M (Code Ys ) Page 5 SN2012AU UP: D => Below limits; H => Below horizon mask; W => still slewing at end; blank => Up. Early: Seconds between end of slew and start. Dwell: On source seconds. Disk: GBytes recorded to this point. TPStart: Recording start time. Frequencies are LO sum (band edge). SYNC: Time correlator is expected to sync up. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Start UT Source Start / Stop Early Disk TPStart Stop UT LST EL AZ HA UP ParA Dwell GBytes SYNC ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --- Fri 1 Mar 2024 Day 61 --- 00 02 20 J1305-1033 10 27 09 26.9 135.0 -2.7 -33.2 14 1858 00 02 20 00 04 20 --- 10 29 10 27.2 135.5 -2.6 -32.9 120 1888 00 02 21 00 04 20 SN2012AU 10 29 10 28.8 137.8 -2.4 -31.3 -17 1888 No stop 00 07 50 --- 10 32 40 29.3 138.7 -2.4 -30.7 193 1943 00 04 21 00 07 50 J1305-1033 10 32 40 27.6 136.3 -2.6 -32.3 -17 1943 No stop 00 10 10 --- 10 35 01 27.9 136.8 -2.5 -31.9 123 1979 00 07 51 00 10 10 SN2012AU 10 35 01 29.6 139.2 -2.4 -30.3 -17 1979 No stop 00 13 40 --- 10 38 31 30.0 140.1 -2.3 -29.7 193 2033 00 10 11 00 14 20 J1305-1033 10 39 11 28.5 137.8 -2.5 -31.3 23 2033 00 14 20 00 16 20 --- 10 41 12 28.7 138.3 -2.4 -31.0 120 2064 00 14 21 00 16 20 SN2012AU 10 41 12 30.3 140.7 -2.2 -29.3 -17 2064 No stop 00 19 50 --- 10 44 42 30.7 141.6 -2.2 -28.7 193 2118 00 16 21 00 19 50 J1305-1033 10 44 42 29.2 139.2 -2.4 -30.4 -17 2118 No stop 00 22 10 --- 10 47 03 29.5 139.7 -2.3 -30.0 123 2154 00 19 51 00 22 10 J1303-1051 10 47 03 29.5 140.5 -2.3 -29.5 -16 2154 No stop 00 24 40 --- 10 49 33 29.8 141.1 -2.2 -29.1 134 2193 00 22 11 00 25 10 J1305-1033 10 50 03 29.8 140.5 -2.3 -29.5 14 2193 00 25 10 00 27 10 --- 10 52 04 30.1 141.0 -2.2 -29.2 120 2223 00 25 11 00 27 10 SN2012AU 10 52 04 31.6 143.5 -2.1 -27.4 -18 2223 No stop 00 30 40 --- 10 55 34 32.0 144.4 -2.0 -26.7 192 2278 00 27 11 00 30 40 J1305-1033 10 55 34 30.5 141.8 -2.2 -28.6 -18 2278 No stop 00 33 00 --- 10 57 55 30.8 142.4 -2.1 -28.1 122 2314 00 30 41 00 33 00 SN2012AU 10 57 55 32.2 145.0 -2.0 -26.3 -18 2314 No stop 00 36 30 --- 11 01 25 32.6 145.9 -1.9 -25.7 192 2368 00 33 01 00 37 10 J1305-1033 11 02 05 31.2 143.5 -2.1 -27.4 22 2368 00 37 10 00 39 10 --- 11 04 06 31.5 144.0 -2.0 -27.0 120 2399 00 37 11 00 39 10 SN2012AU 11 04 06 32.9 146.6 -1.9 -25.2 -18 2399 No stop 00 42 40 --- 11 07 36 33.3 147.6 -1.8 -24.5 192 2453 00 39 11 00 42 40 J1305-1033 11 07 36 31.8 144.9 -2.0 -26.4 -18 2453 No stop 00 45 00 --- 11 09 56 32.1 145.5 -1.9 -26.0 122 2489 00 42 41 Schedule for YEBES40M (Code Ys ) Page 6 SN2012AU UP: D => Below limits; H => Below horizon mask; W => still slewing at end; blank => Up. Early: Seconds between end of slew and start. Dwell: On source seconds. Disk: GBytes recorded to this point. TPStart: Recording start time. Frequencies are LO sum (band edge). SYNC: Time correlator is expected to sync up. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Start UT Source Start / Stop Early Disk TPStart Stop UT LST EL AZ HA UP ParA Dwell GBytes SYNC ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --- Fri 1 Mar 2024 Day 61 --- 00 45 00 J1303-1051 11 09 56 32.1 146.3 -1.9 -25.5 -16 2489 No stop 00 47 30 --- 11 12 27 32.3 146.9 -1.9 -25.0 134 2527 00 45 01 00 48 00 J1305-1033 11 12 57 32.4 146.3 -1.9 -25.4 14 2527 00 48 00 00 50 00 --- 11 14 57 32.6 146.8 -1.9 -25.0 120 2558 00 48 01 00 50 00 SN2012AU 11 14 57 34.0 149.5 -1.7 -23.1 -18 2558 No stop 00 53 30 --- 11 18 28 34.3 150.5 -1.6 -22.4 192 2612 00 50 01 00 53 30 J1305-1033 11 18 28 33.0 147.8 -1.8 -24.4 -18 2612 No stop 00 55 50 --- 11 20 48 33.2 148.4 -1.8 -23.9 122 2649 00 53 31 00 55 50 SN2012AU 11 20 48 34.5 151.2 -1.6 -21.9 -18 2649 No stop 00 59 20 --- 11 24 19 34.8 152.1 -1.5 -21.2 192 2703 00 55 51 01 00 00 J1305-1033 11 24 59 33.6 149.5 -1.7 -23.1 22 2703 01 00 00 01 02 00 --- 11 26 59 33.8 150.1 -1.7 -22.7 120 2734 01 00 01 01 02 00 SN2012AU 11 26 59 35.1 152.9 -1.5 -20.6 -18 2734 No stop 01 05 30 --- 11 30 30 35.4 153.9 -1.4 -19.9 192 2788 01 02 01 01 05 30 J1305-1033 11 30 30 34.2 151.0 -1.6 -22.0 -18 2788 No stop 01 07 50 --- 11 32 50 34.4 151.7 -1.6 -21.5 122 2824 01 05 31 01 07 50 J1303-1051 11 32 50 34.3 152.4 -1.5 -21.0 -16 2824 No stop 01 10 20 --- 11 35 21 34.5 153.1 -1.5 -20.5 134 2862 01 07 51 01 10 50 J1305-1033 11 35 51 34.6 152.5 -1.5 -20.9 14 2862 01 10 50 01 12 50 --- 11 37 51 34.8 153.1 -1.5 -20.5 120 2893 01 10 51 01 12 50 SN2012AU 11 37 51 36.0 156.0 -1.3 -18.3 -18 2893 No stop 01 16 20 --- 11 41 22 36.2 157.0 -1.2 -17.6 192 2947 01 12 51 01 16 20 J1305-1033 11 41 22 35.1 154.0 -1.4 -19.8 -18 2947 No stop 01 18 40 --- 11 43 42 35.3 154.7 -1.4 -19.3 122 2983 01 16 21 01 18 40 SN2012AU 11 43 42 36.4 157.7 -1.2 -17.1 -18 2983 No stop 01 22 10 --- 11 47 13 36.7 158.7 -1.1 -16.3 192 3038 01 18 41 01 22 50 J1305-1033 11 47 53 35.6 155.9 -1.3 -18.4 22 3038 01 22 50 01 24 50 --- 11 49 53 35.8 156.5 -1.3 -18.0 120 3068 01 22 51 01 26 00 J1159+2914 11 51 03 78.4 169.4 -0.2 -9.3 12 3068 01 26 00 01 30 00 --- 11 55 04 78.5 173.7 -0.1 -5.5 240 3130 01 26 01 SETUP FILE INFORMATION: NOTE: If DOPPLER, FREQ, or BW were used, see the individual scans for the final BBC settings. ======== Setup file: sess124.C2048 --- WARNING --- This group does not match an entry in the frequency catalog. This might be ok because the catalog is not complete. But be very careful to be sure that the setup is correct. Setup group: 5 Station: YEBES40M Total bit rate: 2048 Format: VDIF Bits per sample: 2 Sample rate: 64.000 Number of channels: 16 DBE type: DBBC_DDC Speedup factor: 1.00 Disk used to record data. 1st LO= 4158.00 4158.00 4158.00 4158.00 4158.00 4158.00 4158.00 4158.00 4158.00 4158.00 4158.00 4158.00 4158.00 4158.00 4158.00 4158.00 Net SB= L L U U L L U U L L U U L L U U IF SB = U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U Pol. = RCP LCP RCP LCP RCP LCP RCP LCP RCP LCP RCP LCP RCP LCP RCP LCP BBC = 1 9 1 9 2 10 2 10 3 11 3 11 4 12 4 12 BBC SB= L L U U L L U U L L U U L L U U IF = A1 C1 A1 C1 A1 C1 A1 C1 A1 C1 A1 C1 A1 C1 A1 C1 The following frequency sets based on these setups were used. Frequency Set: 9 Setup file default. Used with PCAL = off LO sum= 4830.49 4830.49 4830.49 4830.49 4894.49 4894.49 4894.49 4894.49 4958.49 4958.49 4958.49 4958.49 5022.49 5022.49 5022.49 5022.49 BBC fr= 672.49 672.49 672.49 672.49 736.49 736.49 736.49 736.49 800.49 800.49 800.49 800.49 864.49 864.49 864.49 864.49 Bandwd= 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 Matching frequency sets: 9 Track assignments are: track1= 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 barrel=roll_off POSITIONS OF SOURCES USED IN RECORDING SCANS Source Source position (RA/Dec) Error (B1950) (J2000) (Date) (mas) * SN2012AU 12 52 15.724408 * 12 54 52.250000 12 56 08.624129 0.00 -09 58 35.71619 *-10 14 50.63000 -10 22 46.80094 0.00 From catalog imbedded in main SCHED input file. * J1305-1033 13 02 55.848515 * 13 05 33.015000 13 06 49.665766 0.00 -10 17 16.37556 *-10 33 19.42800 -10 41 09.91301 0.00 From catalog imbedded in main SCHED input file. * J1303-1051 13 00 36.725007 * 13 03 13.867900 13 04 30.513645 0.00 -10 35 11.31897 *-10 51 17.12900 -10 59 08.85203 0.00 From catalog imbedded in main SCHED input file. * J1159+2914 11 56 57.786199 * 11 59 31.833900 12 00 47.544308 0.00 29 31 25.73890 * 29 14 43.82700 29 06 31.13229 0.00 From catalog imbedded in main SCHED input file. * B0950+08 09 50 30.550681 * 09 53 09.309700 09 54 27.002822 0.00 08 09 45.15217 * 07 55 35.75000 07 48 42.18788 0.00 From catalog imbedded in main SCHED input file. SOURCE SCAN SUMMARY FOR SOURCES LISTED ABOVE Scan hours are for recording scans only. Baseline hours are only counted for scans above horizon at both ends. Source Setup file Frequency sets Observing hours (duplicates not shown) Scan Baseline SN2012AU sess124.C2048 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1.692 77.758 J1305-1033 sess124.C2048 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1.406 64.145 J1303-1051 sess124.C2048 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 0.375 16.669 J1159+2914 sess124.C2048 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 0.150 8.072 B0950+08 sess124.C2048 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 0.089 4.611 EFFECT OF SOLAR CORONA The solar corona can cause unstable phases for sources too close to the Sun. SCHED provides warnings at individual scans for distances less than 10 degrees. The distance from the Sun to each source in this schedule is: Source Sun distance (deg) SN2012AU 143.7 J1305-1033 141.3 J1303-1051 141.6 J1159+2914 152.6 B0950+08 166.4 Barry Clark estimates from predictions by Ketan Desai of IPM scattering sizes that the Sun will cause amplitude reductions on the longest VLBA baselines at a solar distance of 60deg F^(-0.6) where F is in GHz. For common VLBI bands, this is: 327 MHz 117. deg 610 MHz 81. deg 1.6 GHz 45. deg 2.3 GHz 36. deg 5.0 GHz 23. deg 8.4 GHz 17. deg 15.0 GHz 12. deg 22.0 GHz 9. deg 43.0 GHz 6. deg