COVER INFORMATION Station: MEDICINA (Code Mc ) Experiment: Tracing the Radio Outflows in RQ AGN from Pc- to Kpc-scales Exp. Code: EG131C Schedule Version: 1.00 Processed by SCHED version: 11.60 Release 11.6; April 2020 PI: Salmoli Ghosh Address: National Centre for Radio Astrophysics - TIFR S.P. Pune Univ. Campus, Ganeshkhind Pune India : 411007 Phone: (+91)020-25719000 EMAIL: salmoli.ghosh@gmail.com Fax: Phone during observation: (+91)8240982699/(+91)020-25719230 Observing mode: Phase-referencing continuum Notes: PCAL OFF Schedule for MEDICINA (Code Mc ) Page 2 Tracing the Radio Outflows in RQ AGN from Pc- to Kpc-scales UP: D => Below limits; H => Below horizon mask; W => still slewing at end; blank => Up. Early: Seconds between end of slew and start. Dwell: On source seconds. Disk: GBytes recorded to this point. TPStart: Recording start time. Frequencies are LO sum (band edge). SYNC: Time correlator is expected to sync up. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Start UT Source Start / Stop Early Disk TPStart Stop UT LST EL AZ HA UP ParA Dwell GBytes SYNC ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --- Tue 28 May 2024 Day 149 --- Next scan frequencies: 1626.49 1626.49 1626.49 1626.49 1690.49 1690.49 1690.49 1690.49 Next BBC frequencies: 331.49 331.49 331.49 331.49 395.49 395.49 395.49 395.49 Next scan bandwidths: 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 09 30 00 3C84 02 42 16 82.3 468.8 -0.7 -64.5 0 0 09 30 00 09 35 00 --- 02 47 17 83.1 472.2 -0.6 -62.0 300 39 09 30 01 09 40 00 J0119+3210 02 52 17 68.5 603.3 1.5 48.9 122 39 09 40 00 09 46 00 =0116+319 02 58 18 67.5 605.5 1.6 50.1 360 85 09 40 01 09 46 00 MRK993 02 58 18 68.4 603.2 1.5 48.8 -7 85 No stop 09 49 30 --- 03 01 49 67.8 604.5 1.6 49.6 203 112 09 46 01 09 50 00 J0119+3210 03 02 19 66.8 606.9 1.7 50.9 23 112 09 50 00 09 51 00 =0116+319 03 03 19 66.7 607.2 1.7 51.1 60 120 09 50 01 09 51 00 MRK993 03 03 19 67.6 605.1 1.6 49.9 -7 120 No stop 09 54 30 --- 03 06 50 67.0 606.3 1.7 50.5 203 147 09 51 01 09 54 30 J0119+3210 03 06 50 66.1 608.4 1.8 51.6 -7 147 No stop 09 56 00 =0116+319 03 08 20 65.8 608.9 1.8 51.9 83 158 09 54 31 09 56 00 MRK993 03 08 20 66.8 606.8 1.7 50.8 -7 158 No stop 09 59 30 --- 03 11 51 66.2 608.0 1.7 51.4 203 185 09 56 01 10 00 00 J0119+3210 03 12 21 65.2 610.1 1.9 52.5 23 185 10 00 00 10 01 00 =0116+319 03 13 21 65.0 610.4 1.9 52.6 60 193 10 00 01 10 01 00 MRK993 03 13 21 66.0 608.5 1.8 51.7 -7 193 No stop 10 04 30 --- 03 16 51 65.4 609.6 1.8 52.2 203 220 10 01 01 10 04 30 J0119+3210 03 16 51 64.4 611.5 1.9 53.1 -7 220 No stop 10 06 00 =0116+319 03 18 22 64.2 611.9 2.0 53.3 83 232 10 04 31 10 06 00 MRK993 03 18 22 65.1 610.0 1.9 52.4 -7 232 No stop 10 09 30 --- 03 21 52 64.5 611.1 1.9 52.9 203 259 10 06 01 10 10 00 J0119+3210 03 22 22 63.5 613.0 2.0 53.8 23 259 10 10 00 10 11 00 =0116+319 03 23 22 63.3 613.3 2.0 53.9 60 267 10 10 01 10 11 00 MRK993 03 23 22 64.3 611.5 1.9 53.1 -7 267 No stop 10 14 30 --- 03 26 53 63.7 612.6 2.0 53.5 203 294 10 11 01 10 14 30 J0119+3210 03 26 53 62.7 614.3 2.1 54.3 -7 294 No stop 10 16 00 =0116+319 03 28 23 62.4 614.7 2.1 54.4 83 305 10 14 31 Schedule for MEDICINA (Code Mc ) Page 3 Tracing the Radio Outflows in RQ AGN from Pc- to Kpc-scales UP: D => Below limits; H => Below horizon mask; W => still slewing at end; blank => Up. Early: Seconds between end of slew and start. Dwell: On source seconds. Disk: GBytes recorded to this point. TPStart: Recording start time. Frequencies are LO sum (band edge). SYNC: Time correlator is expected to sync up. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Start UT Source Start / Stop Early Disk TPStart Stop UT LST EL AZ HA UP ParA Dwell GBytes SYNC ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --- Tue 28 May 2024 Day 149 --- 10 16 00 MRK993 03 28 23 63.4 613.0 2.0 53.7 -7 305 No stop 10 19 30 --- 03 31 54 62.8 613.9 2.1 54.1 203 332 10 16 01 10 20 00 J0119+3210 03 32 24 61.7 615.7 2.2 54.8 23 332 10 20 00 10 21 00 =0116+319 03 33 24 61.6 616.0 2.2 54.9 60 340 10 20 01 10 21 00 MRK993 03 33 24 62.6 614.3 2.1 54.3 -7 340 No stop 10 24 30 --- 03 36 55 62.0 615.3 2.2 54.6 203 367 10 21 01 10 24 30 J0119+3210 03 36 55 61.0 616.9 2.3 55.2 -7 367 No stop 10 26 00 =0116+319 03 38 25 60.7 617.2 2.3 55.4 83 379 10 24 31 10 26 00 MRK993 03 38 25 61.7 615.7 2.2 54.8 -7 379 No stop 10 29 30 --- 03 41 56 61.1 616.6 2.3 55.1 203 406 10 26 01 10 30 00 J0119+3210 03 42 26 60.0 618.2 2.4 55.7 23 406 10 30 00 10 31 00 =0116+319 03 43 26 59.8 618.4 2.4 55.7 60 414 10 30 01 10 31 00 MRK993 03 43 26 60.8 616.9 2.3 55.2 -7 414 No stop 10 34 30 --- 03 46 56 60.2 617.8 2.3 55.5 203 441 10 31 01 10 34 30 J0119+3210 03 46 56 59.2 619.3 2.4 56.0 -7 441 No stop 10 36 00 =0116+319 03 48 27 59.0 619.6 2.5 56.1 83 452 10 34 31 10 36 00 MRK993 03 48 27 60.0 618.1 2.4 55.6 -7 452 No stop 10 39 30 --- 03 51 57 59.4 619.0 2.4 55.9 203 479 10 36 01 10 40 00 J0119+3210 03 52 27 58.3 620.5 2.5 56.3 23 479 10 40 00 10 41 00 =0116+319 03 53 27 58.1 620.7 2.5 56.4 60 487 10 40 01 10 41 00 MRK993 03 53 27 59.1 619.3 2.4 56.0 -7 487 No stop 10 44 30 --- 03 56 58 58.5 620.1 2.5 56.2 203 514 10 41 01 10 44 30 J0119+3210 03 56 58 57.5 621.5 2.6 56.5 -7 514 No stop 10 46 00 =0116+319 03 58 28 57.2 621.8 2.6 56.6 83 526 10 44 31 10 46 00 MRK993 03 58 28 58.2 620.5 2.5 56.3 -7 526 No stop 10 49 30 --- 04 01 59 57.6 621.2 2.6 56.4 203 553 10 46 01 10 50 00 J0119+3210 04 02 29 56.5 622.7 2.7 56.8 23 553 10 50 00 10 51 00 =0116+319 04 03 29 56.3 622.9 2.7 56.8 60 560 10 50 01 10 51 00 MRK993 04 03 29 57.3 621.6 2.6 56.5 -7 560 No stop 10 54 30 --- 04 07 00 56.7 622.3 2.7 56.7 203 587 10 51 01 Schedule for MEDICINA (Code Mc ) Page 4 Tracing the Radio Outflows in RQ AGN from Pc- to Kpc-scales UP: D => Below limits; H => Below horizon mask; W => still slewing at end; blank => Up. Early: Seconds between end of slew and start. Dwell: On source seconds. Disk: GBytes recorded to this point. TPStart: Recording start time. Frequencies are LO sum (band edge). SYNC: Time correlator is expected to sync up. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Start UT Source Start / Stop Early Disk TPStart Stop UT LST EL AZ HA UP ParA Dwell GBytes SYNC ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --- Tue 28 May 2024 Day 149 --- 10 54 30 J0119+3210 04 07 00 55.7 623.6 2.8 57.0 -7 587 No stop 10 56 00 =0116+319 04 08 30 55.4 623.9 2.8 57.0 83 599 10 54 31 10 56 00 MRK993 04 08 30 56.4 622.6 2.7 56.7 -7 599 No stop 10 59 30 --- 04 12 00 55.8 623.4 2.8 56.9 203 626 10 56 01 11 00 00 J0119+3210 04 12 31 54.7 624.7 2.9 57.1 23 626 11 00 00 11 01 00 =0116+319 04 13 31 54.5 624.9 2.9 57.2 60 634 11 00 01 11 01 00 MRK993 04 13 31 55.6 623.7 2.8 56.9 -7 634 No stop 11 04 30 --- 04 17 01 54.9 624.4 2.8 57.0 203 661 11 01 01 11 04 30 J0119+3210 04 17 01 53.9 625.6 2.9 57.3 -7 661 No stop 11 06 00 =0116+319 04 18 31 53.6 625.9 3.0 57.3 83 672 11 04 31 11 06 00 MRK993 04 18 31 54.7 624.7 2.9 57.1 -7 672 No stop 11 09 30 --- 04 22 02 54.0 625.4 2.9 57.2 203 699 11 06 01 11 10 00 J0119+3210 04 22 32 52.9 626.7 3.0 57.4 23 699 11 10 00 11 11 00 =0116+319 04 23 32 52.7 626.9 3.0 57.4 60 707 11 10 01 11 11 00 MRK993 04 23 32 53.8 625.7 2.9 57.2 -7 707 No stop 11 14 30 --- 04 27 03 53.2 626.3 3.0 57.3 203 734 11 11 01 11 14 30 J0119+3210 04 27 03 52.1 627.5 3.1 57.4 -7 734 No stop 11 16 00 =0116+319 04 28 33 51.9 627.8 3.1 57.5 83 746 11 14 31 11 16 00 MRK993 04 28 33 52.9 626.6 3.0 57.3 -7 746 No stop 11 19 30 --- 04 32 04 52.3 627.3 3.1 57.4 203 773 11 16 01 11 20 00 J0119+3210 04 32 34 51.1 628.5 3.2 57.5 23 773 11 20 00 11 21 00 =0116+319 04 33 34 51.0 628.7 3.2 57.5 60 781 11 20 01 11 21 00 MRK993 04 33 34 52.0 627.6 3.1 57.4 -7 781 No stop 11 24 30 --- 04 37 05 51.4 628.2 3.2 57.4 203 808 11 21 01 11 24 30 J0119+3210 04 37 05 50.3 629.3 3.3 57.5 -7 808 No stop 11 26 00 =0116+319 04 38 35 50.1 629.6 3.3 57.5 83 819 11 24 31 11 26 00 MRK993 04 38 35 51.1 628.5 3.2 57.4 -7 819 No stop 11 29 30 --- 04 42 05 50.5 629.1 3.3 57.5 203 846 11 26 01 11 30 00 J0119+3210 04 42 35 49.4 630.3 3.4 57.5 23 846 11 30 00 11 31 00 =0116+319 04 43 36 49.2 630.5 3.4 57.5 60 854 11 30 01 Schedule for MEDICINA (Code Mc ) Page 5 Tracing the Radio Outflows in RQ AGN from Pc- to Kpc-scales UP: D => Below limits; H => Below horizon mask; W => still slewing at end; blank => Up. Early: Seconds between end of slew and start. Dwell: On source seconds. Disk: GBytes recorded to this point. TPStart: Recording start time. Frequencies are LO sum (band edge). SYNC: Time correlator is expected to sync up. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Start UT Source Start / Stop Early Disk TPStart Stop UT LST EL AZ HA UP ParA Dwell GBytes SYNC ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --- Tue 28 May 2024 Day 149 --- 11 31 00 MRK993 04 43 36 50.2 629.4 3.3 57.5 -7 854 No stop 11 34 30 --- 04 47 06 49.6 630.0 3.3 57.5 203 881 11 31 01 11 34 30 J0119+3210 04 47 06 48.5 631.1 3.4 57.5 -7 881 No stop 11 36 00 =0116+319 04 48 36 48.3 631.3 3.5 57.5 83 893 11 34 31 11 36 00 MRK993 04 48 36 49.3 630.3 3.4 57.5 -7 893 No stop 11 39 30 --- 04 52 07 48.7 630.9 3.4 57.5 203 920 11 36 01 11 40 00 J0119+3210 04 52 37 47.6 632.0 3.5 57.5 23 920 11 40 00 11 41 00 =0116+319 04 53 37 47.4 632.2 3.5 57.5 60 927 11 40 01 11 41 00 MRK993 04 53 37 48.4 631.1 3.4 57.5 -7 927 No stop 11 44 30 --- 04 57 08 47.8 631.7 3.5 57.4 203 955 11 41 01 11 44 30 J0119+3210 04 57 08 46.8 632.8 3.6 57.4 -7 955 No stop 11 46 00 =0116+319 04 58 38 46.5 633.0 3.6 57.4 83 966 11 44 31 11 46 00 MRK993 04 58 38 47.5 632.0 3.5 57.4 -7 966 No stop 11 49 30 --- 05 02 09 46.9 632.6 3.6 57.4 203 993 11 46 01 11 50 00 J0119+3210 05 02 39 45.8 633.7 3.7 57.3 23 993 11 50 00 11 51 00 =0116+319 05 03 39 45.6 633.8 3.7 57.3 60 1001 11 50 01 11 51 00 MRK993 05 03 39 46.6 632.8 3.6 57.4 -7 1001 No stop 11 54 30 --- 05 07 09 46.0 633.4 3.7 57.3 203 1028 11 51 01 11 54 30 J0119+3210 05 07 09 45.0 634.4 3.8 57.3 -7 1028 No stop 11 56 00 =0116+319 05 08 40 44.7 634.7 3.8 57.2 83 1040 11 54 31 11 56 00 MRK993 05 08 40 45.7 633.6 3.7 57.3 -7 1040 No stop 11 59 30 --- 05 12 10 45.1 634.2 3.8 57.2 203 1067 11 56 01 12 00 00 J0119+3210 05 12 40 44.0 635.3 3.9 57.1 23 1067 12 00 00 12 01 00 =0116+319 05 13 41 43.8 635.5 3.9 57.1 60 1074 12 00 01 12 01 00 MRK993 05 13 41 44.9 634.5 3.8 57.2 -7 1074 No stop 12 04 30 --- 05 17 11 44.2 635.0 3.8 57.1 203 1101 12 01 01 12 04 30 J0119+3210 05 17 11 43.2 636.0 3.9 57.0 -7 1101 No stop 12 06 00 =0116+319 05 18 41 42.9 636.3 4.0 57.0 83 1113 12 04 31 12 06 00 MRK993 05 18 41 44.0 635.3 3.9 57.1 -7 1113 No stop 12 09 30 --- 05 22 12 43.3 635.8 3.9 57.0 203 1140 12 06 01 Schedule for MEDICINA (Code Mc ) Page 6 Tracing the Radio Outflows in RQ AGN from Pc- to Kpc-scales UP: D => Below limits; H => Below horizon mask; W => still slewing at end; blank => Up. Early: Seconds between end of slew and start. Dwell: On source seconds. Disk: GBytes recorded to this point. TPStart: Recording start time. Frequencies are LO sum (band edge). SYNC: Time correlator is expected to sync up. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Start UT Source Start / Stop Early Disk TPStart Stop UT LST EL AZ HA UP ParA Dwell GBytes SYNC ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --- Tue 28 May 2024 Day 149 --- 12 10 00 J0119+3210 05 22 42 42.2 636.9 4.0 56.9 23 1140 12 10 00 12 11 00 =0116+319 05 23 42 42.0 637.0 4.0 56.8 60 1148 12 10 01 12 11 00 MRK993 05 23 42 43.1 636.1 3.9 57.0 -7 1148 No stop 12 14 30 --- 05 27 13 42.5 636.6 4.0 56.9 203 1175 12 11 01 12 14 30 J0119+3210 05 27 13 41.4 637.6 4.1 56.7 -7 1175 No stop 12 16 00 =0116+319 05 28 43 41.2 637.8 4.1 56.7 83 1186 12 14 31 12 16 00 MRK993 05 28 43 42.2 636.8 4.0 56.8 -7 1186 No stop 12 19 30 --- 05 32 14 41.6 637.4 4.1 56.7 203 1213 12 16 01 12 20 00 J0119+3210 05 32 44 40.4 638.4 4.2 56.6 23 1213 12 20 00 12 21 00 =0116+319 05 33 44 40.3 638.6 4.2 56.5 60 1221 12 20 01 12 21 00 MRK993 05 33 44 41.3 637.6 4.1 56.7 -7 1221 No stop 12 24 30 --- 05 37 14 40.7 638.2 4.2 56.6 203 1248 12 21 01 12 24 30 J0119+3210 05 37 14 39.7 639.1 4.3 56.4 -7 1248 No stop 12 26 00 =0116+319 05 38 45 39.4 639.3 4.3 56.3 83 1260 12 24 31 12 26 00 MRK993 05 38 45 40.4 638.4 4.2 56.5 -7 1260 No stop 12 29 30 --- 05 42 15 39.8 638.9 4.3 56.4 203 1287 12 26 01 12 30 00 J0119+3210 05 42 45 38.7 640.0 4.4 56.2 23 1287 12 30 00 12 31 00 =0116+319 05 43 45 38.5 640.1 4.4 56.2 60 1295 12 30 01 12 31 00 MRK993 05 43 45 39.5 639.2 4.3 56.3 -7 1295 No stop 12 34 30 --- 05 47 16 38.9 639.7 4.3 56.2 203 1322 12 31 01 12 34 30 J0119+3210 05 47 16 37.9 640.6 4.4 56.0 -7 1322 No stop 12 36 00 =0116+319 05 48 46 37.6 640.9 4.5 55.9 83 1333 12 34 31 12 36 00 MRK993 05 48 46 38.6 639.9 4.4 56.2 -7 1333 No stop 12 39 30 --- 05 52 17 38.0 640.4 4.4 56.0 203 1360 12 36 01 12 40 00 J0119+3210 05 52 47 36.9 641.5 4.5 55.8 23 1360 12 40 00 12 41 00 =0116+319 05 53 47 36.8 641.6 4.5 55.7 60 1368 12 40 01 12 41 00 MRK993 05 53 47 37.8 640.7 4.4 56.0 -7 1368 No stop 12 44 30 --- 05 57 18 37.2 641.2 4.5 55.8 203 1395 12 41 01 12 44 30 J0119+3210 05 57 18 36.1 642.1 4.6 55.6 -7 1395 No stop 12 46 00 =0116+319 05 58 48 35.9 642.3 4.6 55.5 83 1407 12 44 31 Schedule for MEDICINA (Code Mc ) Page 7 Tracing the Radio Outflows in RQ AGN from Pc- to Kpc-scales UP: D => Below limits; H => Below horizon mask; W => still slewing at end; blank => Up. Early: Seconds between end of slew and start. Dwell: On source seconds. Disk: GBytes recorded to this point. TPStart: Recording start time. Frequencies are LO sum (band edge). SYNC: Time correlator is expected to sync up. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Start UT Source Start / Stop Early Disk TPStart Stop UT LST EL AZ HA UP ParA Dwell GBytes SYNC ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --- Tue 28 May 2024 Day 149 --- 12 52 00 4C39.25 06 04 49 52.2 800.2 -3.4 -64.6 146 1407 12 52 00 12 59 00 --- 06 11 50 53.4 801.2 -3.3 -64.9 420 1461 12 52 01 SETUP FILE INFORMATION: NOTE: If DOPPLER, FREQ, or BW were used, see the individual scans for the final BBC settings. ======== Setup file: sess224.L1024 --- WARNING --- This group does not match an entry in the frequency catalog. This might be ok because the catalog is not complete. But be very careful to be sure that the setup is correct. Setup group: 7 Station: MEDICINA Total bit rate: 1024 Format: VDIF Bits per sample: 2 Sample rate: 64.000 Number of channels: 8 DBE type: DBBC_DDC Speedup factor: 1.00 Disk used to record data. 1st LO= 1295.00 1295.00 1295.00 1295.00 1295.00 1295.00 1295.00 1295.00 Net SB= L L U U L L U U IF SB = U U U U U U U U Pol. = RCP LCP RCP LCP RCP LCP RCP LCP BBC = 1 9 1 9 2 10 2 10 BBC SB= L L U U L L U U IF = A1 C1 A1 C1 A1 C1 A1 C1 The following frequency sets based on these setups were used. Frequency Set: 4 Setup file default. Used with PCAL = off LO sum= 1626.49 1626.49 1626.49 1626.49 1690.49 1690.49 1690.49 1690.49 BBC fr= 331.49 331.49 331.49 331.49 395.49 395.49 395.49 395.49 Bandwd= 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 Matching frequency sets: 4 Track assignments are: track1= 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 barrel=roll_off POSITIONS OF SOURCES USED IN RECORDING SCANS Source Source position (RA/Dec) Error (B1950) (J2000) (Date) (mas) * MRK993 01 22 42.704718 * 01 25 31.450000 01 26 52.333710 0.00 31 52 35.16789 * 32 08 10.40000 32 15 36.32444 0.00 From catalog imbedded in main SCHED input file. 0116+319 01 16 47.247876 * 01 19 35.003417 01 20 55.429157 2.97 * J0119+3210 31 55 05.83110 * 32 10 50.05658 32 18 20.07207 2.37 J0119+32 /home/guest/rmc/SCHED/sched11.6/catalogs/sources.gsfc GSFC 2016a X/S astro solution, 24 observations. * 3C84 03 16 29.567265 * 03 19 48.160096 03 21 23.034413 1.50 J0319+4130 41 19 51.91692 * 41 30 42.10404 41 35 54.34559 2.86 0316+413 /home/guest/rmc/SCHED/sched11.6/catalogs/sources.gsfc J0319+41 GSFC 2016a X/S astro solution, 10291 observations. * 4C39.25 09 23 55.319216 * 09 27 03.013937 09 28 33.866253 0.31 J0927+3902 39 15 23.56644 * 39 02 20.85185 38 56 11.84344 0.16 0923+392 /home/guest/rmc/SCHED/sched11.6/catalogs/sources.gsfc J0927+39 GSFC 2016a X/S astro solution, 250526 observations. SOURCE SCAN SUMMARY FOR SOURCES LISTED ABOVE Scan hours are for recording scans only. Baseline hours are only counted for scans above horizon at both ends. Source Setup file Frequency sets Observing hours (duplicates not shown) Scan Baseline MRK993 sess224.L1024 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2.100 155.745 J0119+3210 sess224.L1024 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0.850 56.611 3C84 sess224.L1024 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0.083 7.583 4C39.25 sess224.L1024 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0.117 6.284 EFFECT OF SOLAR CORONA The solar corona can cause unstable phases for sources too close to the Sun. SCHED provides warnings at individual scans for distances less than 10 degrees. The distance from the Sun to each source in this schedule is: Source Sun distance (deg) MRK993 40.5 J0119+3210 41.7 3C84 23.9 4C39.25 66.3 Barry Clark estimates from predictions by Ketan Desai of IPM scattering sizes that the Sun will cause amplitude reductions on the longest VLBA baselines at a solar distance of 60deg F^(-0.6) where F is in GHz. For common VLBI bands, this is: 327 MHz 117. deg 610 MHz 81. deg 1.6 GHz 45. deg 2.3 GHz 36. deg 5.0 GHz 23. deg 8.4 GHz 17. deg 15.0 GHz 12. deg 22.0 GHz 9. deg 43.0 GHz 6. deg