COVER INFORMATION Station: ONSALA85 (Code O8 ) Experiment: Tracing the Radio Outflows in RQ AGN from Pc- to Kpc-scales Exp. Code: EG131C Schedule Version: 1.00 Processed by SCHED version: 11.60 Release 11.6; April 2020 PI: Salmoli Ghosh Address: National Centre for Radio Astrophysics - TIFR S.P. Pune Univ. Campus, Ganeshkhind Pune India : 411007 Phone: (+91)020-25719000 EMAIL: salmoli.ghosh@gmail.com Fax: Phone during observation: (+91)8240982699/(+91)020-25719230 Observing mode: Phase-referencing continuum Notes: PCAL OFF Schedule for ONSALA85 (Code O8 ) Page 2 Tracing the Radio Outflows in RQ AGN from Pc- to Kpc-scales UP: D => Below limits; H => Below horizon mask; W => still slewing at end; blank => Up. Early: Seconds between end of slew and start. Dwell: On source seconds. Disk: GBytes recorded to this point. TPStart: Recording start time. Frequencies are LO sum (band edge). SYNC: Time correlator is expected to sync up. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Start UT Source Start / Stop Early Disk TPStart Stop UT LST EL AZ HA UP ParA Dwell GBytes SYNC ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --- Tue 28 May 2024 Day 149 --- Next scan frequencies: 1626.49 1626.49 1626.49 1626.49 1690.49 1690.49 1690.49 1690.49 Next BBC frequencies: 896.49 896.49 896.49 896.49 960.49 960.49 960.49 960.49 Next scan bandwidths: 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 09 30 00 3C84 02 43 21 73.1 154.9 -0.6 0.0 0 0 09 30 00 09 35 00 --- 02 48 22 73.3 158.0 -0.6 0.0 300 39 09 30 01 09 40 00 J0119+3210 02 53 22 60.4 222.1 1.5 0.0 187 39 09 40 00 09 46 00 =0116+319 02 59 23 59.8 224.4 1.6 0.0 360 85 09 40 01 09 46 00 MRK993 02 59 23 60.3 222.1 1.5 0.0 -14 85 No stop 09 49 30 --- 03 02 54 60.0 223.5 1.6 0.0 196 112 09 46 01 09 50 00 J0119+3210 03 03 24 59.4 225.9 1.7 0.0 16 112 09 50 00 09 51 00 =0116+319 03 04 24 59.3 226.3 1.7 0.0 60 120 09 50 01 09 51 00 MRK993 03 04 24 59.8 224.0 1.6 0.0 -14 120 No stop 09 54 30 --- 03 07 55 59.5 225.3 1.7 0.0 196 147 09 51 01 09 54 30 J0119+3210 03 07 55 59.0 227.6 1.8 0.0 -14 147 No stop 09 56 00 =0116+319 03 09 25 58.8 228.1 1.8 0.0 76 158 09 54 31 09 56 00 MRK993 03 09 25 59.4 225.9 1.7 0.0 -14 158 No stop 09 59 30 --- 03 12 56 59.0 227.2 1.8 0.0 196 185 09 56 01 10 00 00 J0119+3210 03 13 26 58.4 229.5 1.9 0.0 16 185 10 00 00 10 01 00 =0116+319 03 14 26 58.3 229.9 1.9 0.0 60 193 10 00 01 10 01 00 MRK993 03 14 26 58.9 227.7 1.8 0.0 -14 193 No stop 10 04 30 --- 03 17 56 58.5 229.0 1.9 0.0 196 220 10 01 01 10 04 30 J0119+3210 03 17 56 57.9 231.1 2.0 0.0 -14 220 No stop 10 06 00 =0116+319 03 19 27 57.8 231.6 2.0 0.0 76 232 10 04 31 10 06 00 MRK993 03 19 27 58.4 229.5 1.9 0.0 -14 232 No stop 10 09 30 --- 03 22 57 58.0 230.7 1.9 0.0 196 259 10 06 01 10 10 00 J0119+3210 03 23 27 57.4 233.0 2.0 0.0 16 259 10 10 00 10 11 00 =0116+319 03 24 27 57.3 233.3 2.1 0.0 60 267 10 10 01 10 11 00 MRK993 03 24 27 57.8 231.3 2.0 0.0 -14 267 No stop 10 14 30 --- 03 27 58 57.5 232.5 2.0 0.0 196 294 10 11 01 10 14 30 J0119+3210 03 27 58 56.9 234.5 2.1 0.0 -14 294 No stop 10 16 00 =0116+319 03 29 28 56.7 235.0 2.1 0.0 76 305 10 14 31 Schedule for ONSALA85 (Code O8 ) Page 3 Tracing the Radio Outflows in RQ AGN from Pc- to Kpc-scales UP: D => Below limits; H => Below horizon mask; W => still slewing at end; blank => Up. Early: Seconds between end of slew and start. Dwell: On source seconds. Disk: GBytes recorded to this point. TPStart: Recording start time. Frequencies are LO sum (band edge). SYNC: Time correlator is expected to sync up. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Start UT Source Start / Stop Early Disk TPStart Stop UT LST EL AZ HA UP ParA Dwell GBytes SYNC ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --- Tue 28 May 2024 Day 149 --- 10 16 00 MRK993 03 29 28 57.3 233.0 2.0 0.0 -14 305 No stop 10 19 30 --- 03 32 59 56.9 234.1 2.1 0.0 196 332 10 16 01 10 20 00 J0119+3210 03 33 29 56.3 236.3 2.2 0.0 16 332 10 20 00 10 21 00 =0116+319 03 34 29 56.1 236.6 2.2 0.0 60 340 10 20 01 10 21 00 MRK993 03 34 29 56.8 234.6 2.1 0.0 -14 340 No stop 10 24 30 --- 03 38 00 56.4 235.8 2.2 0.0 196 367 10 21 01 10 24 30 J0119+3210 03 38 00 55.8 237.7 2.3 0.0 -14 367 No stop 10 26 00 =0116+319 03 39 30 55.6 238.2 2.3 0.0 76 379 10 24 31 10 26 00 MRK993 03 39 30 56.2 236.3 2.2 0.0 -14 379 No stop 10 29 30 --- 03 43 01 55.8 237.4 2.3 0.0 196 406 10 26 01 10 30 00 J0119+3210 03 43 31 55.1 239.5 2.4 0.0 16 406 10 30 00 10 31 00 =0116+319 03 44 31 55.0 239.8 2.4 0.0 60 414 10 30 01 10 31 00 MRK993 03 44 31 55.6 237.9 2.3 0.0 -14 414 No stop 10 34 30 --- 03 48 01 55.2 239.0 2.4 0.0 196 441 10 31 01 10 34 30 J0119+3210 03 48 01 54.6 240.8 2.5 0.0 -14 441 No stop 10 36 00 =0116+319 03 49 32 54.4 241.3 2.5 0.0 76 452 10 34 31 10 36 00 MRK993 03 49 32 55.1 239.4 2.4 0.0 -14 452 No stop 10 39 30 --- 03 53 02 54.7 240.5 2.4 0.0 196 479 10 36 01 10 40 00 J0119+3210 03 53 32 53.9 242.5 2.5 0.0 16 479 10 40 00 10 41 00 =0116+319 03 54 32 53.8 242.8 2.6 0.0 60 487 10 40 01 10 41 00 MRK993 03 54 32 54.5 241.0 2.5 0.0 -14 487 No stop 10 44 30 --- 03 58 03 54.1 242.0 2.5 0.0 196 514 10 41 01 10 44 30 J0119+3210 03 58 03 53.4 243.8 2.6 0.0 -14 514 No stop 10 46 00 =0116+319 03 59 33 53.2 244.3 2.6 0.0 76 526 10 44 31 10 46 00 MRK993 03 59 33 53.9 242.5 2.5 0.0 -14 526 No stop 10 49 30 --- 04 03 04 53.5 243.5 2.6 0.0 196 553 10 46 01 10 50 00 J0119+3210 04 03 34 52.7 245.4 2.7 0.0 16 553 10 50 00 10 51 00 =0116+319 04 04 34 52.6 245.7 2.7 0.0 60 560 10 50 01 10 51 00 MRK993 04 04 34 53.3 243.9 2.6 0.0 -14 560 No stop 10 54 30 --- 04 08 05 52.9 244.9 2.7 0.0 196 587 10 51 01 Schedule for ONSALA85 (Code O8 ) Page 4 Tracing the Radio Outflows in RQ AGN from Pc- to Kpc-scales UP: D => Below limits; H => Below horizon mask; W => still slewing at end; blank => Up. Early: Seconds between end of slew and start. Dwell: On source seconds. Disk: GBytes recorded to this point. TPStart: Recording start time. Frequencies are LO sum (band edge). SYNC: Time correlator is expected to sync up. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Start UT Source Start / Stop Early Disk TPStart Stop UT LST EL AZ HA UP ParA Dwell GBytes SYNC ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --- Tue 28 May 2024 Day 149 --- 10 54 30 J0119+3210 04 08 05 52.2 246.7 2.8 0.0 -14 587 No stop 10 56 00 =0116+319 04 09 35 52.0 247.1 2.8 0.0 76 599 10 54 31 10 56 00 MRK993 04 09 35 52.7 245.4 2.7 0.0 -14 599 No stop 10 59 30 --- 04 13 05 52.2 246.4 2.8 0.0 196 626 10 56 01 11 00 00 J0119+3210 04 13 36 51.5 248.2 2.9 0.0 16 626 11 00 00 11 01 00 =0116+319 04 14 36 51.4 248.5 2.9 0.0 60 634 11 00 01 11 01 00 MRK993 04 14 36 52.1 246.8 2.8 0.0 -14 634 No stop 11 04 30 --- 04 18 06 51.6 247.8 2.9 0.0 196 661 11 01 01 11 04 30 J0119+3210 04 18 06 50.9 249.4 3.0 0.0 -14 661 No stop 11 06 00 =0116+319 04 19 36 50.7 249.8 3.0 0.0 76 672 11 04 31 11 06 00 MRK993 04 19 36 51.4 248.2 2.9 0.0 -14 672 No stop 11 09 30 --- 04 23 07 51.0 249.1 2.9 0.0 196 699 11 06 01 11 10 00 J0119+3210 04 23 37 50.2 250.9 3.0 0.0 16 699 11 10 00 11 11 00 =0116+319 04 24 37 50.1 251.2 3.1 0.0 60 707 11 10 01 11 11 00 MRK993 04 24 37 50.8 249.5 3.0 0.0 -14 707 No stop 11 14 30 --- 04 28 08 50.4 250.5 3.0 0.0 196 734 11 11 01 11 14 30 J0119+3210 04 28 08 49.6 252.1 3.1 0.0 -14 734 No stop 11 16 00 =0116+319 04 29 38 49.4 252.5 3.1 0.0 76 746 11 14 31 11 16 00 MRK993 04 29 38 50.2 250.9 3.0 0.0 -14 746 No stop 11 19 30 --- 04 33 09 49.7 251.8 3.1 0.0 196 773 11 16 01 11 20 00 J0119+3210 04 33 39 48.9 253.5 3.2 0.0 16 773 11 20 00 11 21 00 =0116+319 04 34 39 48.8 253.7 3.2 0.0 60 781 11 20 01 11 21 00 MRK993 04 34 39 49.5 252.2 3.1 0.0 -14 781 No stop 11 24 30 --- 04 38 10 49.1 253.1 3.2 0.0 196 808 11 21 01 11 24 30 J0119+3210 04 38 10 48.3 254.6 3.3 0.0 -14 808 No stop 11 26 00 =0116+319 04 39 40 48.1 255.0 3.3 0.0 76 819 11 24 31 11 26 00 MRK993 04 39 40 48.9 253.5 3.2 0.0 -14 819 No stop 11 29 30 --- 04 43 10 48.4 254.3 3.3 0.0 196 846 11 26 01 11 30 00 J0119+3210 04 43 40 47.6 256.0 3.4 0.0 16 846 11 30 00 11 31 00 =0116+319 04 44 41 47.5 256.2 3.4 0.0 60 854 11 30 01 Schedule for ONSALA85 (Code O8 ) Page 5 Tracing the Radio Outflows in RQ AGN from Pc- to Kpc-scales UP: D => Below limits; H => Below horizon mask; W => still slewing at end; blank => Up. Early: Seconds between end of slew and start. Dwell: On source seconds. Disk: GBytes recorded to this point. TPStart: Recording start time. Frequencies are LO sum (band edge). SYNC: Time correlator is expected to sync up. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Start UT Source Start / Stop Early Disk TPStart Stop UT LST EL AZ HA UP ParA Dwell GBytes SYNC ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --- Tue 28 May 2024 Day 149 --- 11 31 00 MRK993 04 44 41 48.2 254.7 3.3 0.0 -14 854 No stop 11 34 30 --- 04 48 11 47.8 255.6 3.4 0.0 196 881 11 31 01 11 34 30 J0119+3210 04 48 11 47.0 257.1 3.5 0.0 -14 881 No stop 11 36 00 =0116+319 04 49 41 46.8 257.5 3.5 0.0 76 893 11 34 31 11 36 00 MRK993 04 49 41 47.6 256.0 3.4 0.0 -14 893 No stop 11 39 30 --- 04 53 12 47.1 256.8 3.4 0.0 196 920 11 36 01 11 40 00 J0119+3210 04 53 42 46.3 258.4 3.5 0.0 16 920 11 40 00 11 41 00 =0116+319 04 54 42 46.2 258.7 3.6 0.0 60 927 11 40 01 11 41 00 MRK993 04 54 42 46.9 257.2 3.5 0.0 -14 927 No stop 11 44 30 --- 04 58 13 46.5 258.0 3.5 0.0 196 955 11 41 01 11 44 30 J0119+3210 04 58 13 45.7 259.5 3.6 0.0 -14 955 No stop 11 46 00 =0116+319 04 59 43 45.5 259.9 3.6 0.0 76 966 11 44 31 11 46 00 MRK993 04 59 43 46.3 258.4 3.5 0.0 -14 966 No stop 11 49 30 --- 05 03 14 45.8 259.2 3.6 0.0 196 993 11 46 01 11 50 00 J0119+3210 05 03 44 45.0 260.8 3.7 0.0 16 993 11 50 00 11 51 00 =0116+319 05 04 44 44.8 261.0 3.7 0.0 60 1001 11 50 01 11 51 00 MRK993 05 04 44 45.6 259.6 3.6 0.0 -14 1001 No stop 11 54 30 --- 05 08 14 45.1 260.4 3.7 0.0 196 1028 11 51 01 11 54 30 J0119+3210 05 08 14 44.4 261.8 3.8 0.0 -14 1028 No stop 11 56 00 =0116+319 05 09 45 44.2 262.2 3.8 0.0 76 1040 11 54 31 11 56 00 MRK993 05 09 45 44.9 260.8 3.7 0.0 -14 1040 No stop 11 59 30 --- 05 13 15 44.5 261.6 3.8 0.0 196 1067 11 56 01 12 00 00 J0119+3210 05 13 45 43.6 263.1 3.9 0.0 16 1067 12 00 00 12 01 00 =0116+319 05 14 46 43.5 263.3 3.9 0.0 60 1074 12 00 01 12 01 00 MRK993 05 14 46 44.3 261.9 3.8 0.0 -14 1074 No stop 12 04 30 --- 05 18 16 43.8 262.7 3.9 0.0 196 1101 12 01 01 12 04 30 J0119+3210 05 18 16 43.0 264.1 4.0 0.0 -14 1101 No stop 12 06 00 =0116+319 05 19 46 42.8 264.4 4.0 0.0 76 1113 12 04 31 12 06 00 MRK993 05 19 46 43.6 263.1 3.9 0.0 -14 1113 No stop 12 09 30 --- 05 23 17 43.1 263.9 3.9 0.0 196 1140 12 06 01 Schedule for ONSALA85 (Code O8 ) Page 6 Tracing the Radio Outflows in RQ AGN from Pc- to Kpc-scales UP: D => Below limits; H => Below horizon mask; W => still slewing at end; blank => Up. Early: Seconds between end of slew and start. Dwell: On source seconds. Disk: GBytes recorded to this point. TPStart: Recording start time. Frequencies are LO sum (band edge). SYNC: Time correlator is expected to sync up. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Start UT Source Start / Stop Early Disk TPStart Stop UT LST EL AZ HA UP ParA Dwell GBytes SYNC ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --- Tue 28 May 2024 Day 149 --- 12 10 00 J0119+3210 05 23 47 42.3 265.3 4.0 0.0 16 1140 12 10 00 12 11 00 =0116+319 05 24 47 42.2 265.5 4.1 0.0 60 1148 12 10 01 12 11 00 MRK993 05 24 47 42.9 264.2 4.0 0.0 -14 1148 No stop 12 14 30 --- 05 28 18 42.5 265.0 4.0 0.0 196 1175 12 11 01 12 14 30 J0119+3210 05 28 18 41.7 266.3 4.1 0.0 -14 1175 No stop 12 16 00 =0116+319 05 29 48 41.5 266.6 4.1 0.0 76 1186 12 14 31 12 16 00 MRK993 05 29 48 42.3 265.3 4.0 0.0 -14 1186 No stop 12 19 30 --- 05 33 19 41.8 266.1 4.1 0.0 196 1213 12 16 01 12 20 00 J0119+3210 05 33 49 41.0 267.5 4.2 0.0 16 1213 12 20 00 12 21 00 =0116+319 05 34 49 40.8 267.7 4.2 0.0 60 1221 12 20 01 12 21 00 MRK993 05 34 49 41.6 266.4 4.1 0.0 -14 1221 No stop 12 24 30 --- 05 38 19 41.1 267.2 4.2 0.0 196 1248 12 21 01 12 24 30 J0119+3210 05 38 19 40.3 268.5 4.3 0.0 -14 1248 No stop 12 26 00 =0116+319 05 39 50 40.1 268.8 4.3 0.0 76 1260 12 24 31 12 26 00 MRK993 05 39 50 40.9 267.5 4.2 0.0 -14 1260 No stop 12 29 30 --- 05 43 20 40.4 268.2 4.3 0.0 196 1287 12 26 01 12 30 00 J0119+3210 05 43 50 39.6 269.7 4.4 0.0 16 1287 12 30 00 12 31 00 =0116+319 05 44 50 39.5 269.9 4.4 0.0 60 1295 12 30 01 12 31 00 MRK993 05 44 50 40.2 268.6 4.3 0.0 -14 1295 No stop 12 34 30 --- 05 48 21 39.8 269.3 4.4 0.0 196 1322 12 31 01 12 34 30 J0119+3210 05 48 21 39.0 270.6 4.5 0.0 -14 1322 No stop 12 36 00 =0116+319 05 49 51 38.8 270.9 4.5 0.0 76 1333 12 34 31 12 36 00 MRK993 05 49 51 39.6 269.6 4.4 0.0 -14 1333 No stop 12 39 30 --- 05 53 22 39.1 270.4 4.4 0.0 196 1360 12 36 01 12 40 00 J0119+3210 05 53 52 38.2 271.8 4.5 0.0 16 1360 12 40 00 12 41 00 =0116+319 05 54 52 38.1 272.0 4.6 0.0 60 1368 12 40 01 12 41 00 MRK993 05 54 52 38.9 270.7 4.5 0.0 -14 1368 No stop 12 44 30 --- 05 58 23 38.4 271.4 4.5 0.0 196 1395 12 41 01 12 44 30 J0119+3210 05 58 23 37.6 272.7 4.6 0.0 -14 1395 No stop 12 46 00 =0116+319 05 59 53 37.4 273.0 4.6 0.0 76 1407 12 44 31 Schedule for ONSALA85 (Code O8 ) Page 7 Tracing the Radio Outflows in RQ AGN from Pc- to Kpc-scales UP: D => Below limits; H => Below horizon mask; W => still slewing at end; blank => Up. Early: Seconds between end of slew and start. Dwell: On source seconds. Disk: GBytes recorded to this point. TPStart: Recording start time. Frequencies are LO sum (band edge). SYNC: Time correlator is expected to sync up. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Start UT Source Start / Stop Early Disk TPStart Stop UT LST EL AZ HA UP ParA Dwell GBytes SYNC ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --- Tue 28 May 2024 Day 149 --- 12 52 00 4C39.25 06 05 54 52.7 97.3 -3.4 0.0 -59 1407 12 52 00 12 59 00 --- 06 12 55 53.6 98.9 -3.3 0.0 361 1461 12 52 01 SETUP FILE INFORMATION: NOTE: If DOPPLER, FREQ, or BW were used, see the individual scans for the final BBC settings. ======== Setup file: sess224.L1024 --- WARNING --- This group does not match an entry in the frequency catalog. This might be ok because the catalog is not complete. But be very careful to be sure that the setup is correct. Setup group: 4 Station: ONSALA85 Total bit rate: 1024 Format: VDIF Bits per sample: 2 Sample rate: 64.000 Number of channels: 8 DBE type: DBBC_DDC Speedup factor: 1.00 Disk used to record data. 1st LO= 730.00 730.00 730.00 730.00 730.00 730.00 730.00 730.00 Net SB= L L U U L L U U IF SB = U U U U U U U U Pol. = RCP LCP RCP LCP RCP LCP RCP LCP BBC = 1 9 1 9 2 10 2 10 BBC SB= L L U U L L U U IF = A1 C1 A1 C1 A1 C1 A1 C1 The following frequency sets based on these setups were used. Frequency Set: 6 Setup file default. Used with PCAL = off LO sum= 1626.49 1626.49 1626.49 1626.49 1690.49 1690.49 1690.49 1690.49 BBC fr= 896.49 896.49 896.49 896.49 960.49 960.49 960.49 960.49 Bandwd= 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 Matching frequency sets: 6 Track assignments are: track1= 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 barrel=roll_off POSITIONS OF SOURCES USED IN RECORDING SCANS Source Source position (RA/Dec) Error (B1950) (J2000) (Date) (mas) * MRK993 01 22 42.704718 * 01 25 31.450000 01 26 52.333710 0.00 31 52 35.16789 * 32 08 10.40000 32 15 36.32444 0.00 From catalog imbedded in main SCHED input file. 0116+319 01 16 47.247876 * 01 19 35.003417 01 20 55.429157 2.97 * J0119+3210 31 55 05.83110 * 32 10 50.05658 32 18 20.07207 2.37 J0119+32 /home/guest/rmc/SCHED/sched11.6/catalogs/sources.gsfc GSFC 2016a X/S astro solution, 24 observations. * 3C84 03 16 29.567265 * 03 19 48.160096 03 21 23.034413 1.50 J0319+4130 41 19 51.91692 * 41 30 42.10404 41 35 54.34559 2.86 0316+413 /home/guest/rmc/SCHED/sched11.6/catalogs/sources.gsfc J0319+41 GSFC 2016a X/S astro solution, 10291 observations. * 4C39.25 09 23 55.319216 * 09 27 03.013937 09 28 33.866253 0.31 J0927+3902 39 15 23.56644 * 39 02 20.85185 38 56 11.84344 0.16 0923+392 /home/guest/rmc/SCHED/sched11.6/catalogs/sources.gsfc J0927+39 GSFC 2016a X/S astro solution, 250526 observations. SOURCE SCAN SUMMARY FOR SOURCES LISTED ABOVE Scan hours are for recording scans only. Baseline hours are only counted for scans above horizon at both ends. Source Setup file Frequency sets Observing hours (duplicates not shown) Scan Baseline MRK993 sess224.L1024 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2.100 155.745 J0119+3210 sess224.L1024 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0.850 56.611 3C84 sess224.L1024 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0.083 7.583 4C39.25 sess224.L1024 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0.117 6.284 EFFECT OF SOLAR CORONA The solar corona can cause unstable phases for sources too close to the Sun. SCHED provides warnings at individual scans for distances less than 10 degrees. The distance from the Sun to each source in this schedule is: Source Sun distance (deg) MRK993 40.5 J0119+3210 41.7 3C84 23.9 4C39.25 66.3 Barry Clark estimates from predictions by Ketan Desai of IPM scattering sizes that the Sun will cause amplitude reductions on the longest VLBA baselines at a solar distance of 60deg F^(-0.6) where F is in GHz. For common VLBI bands, this is: 327 MHz 117. deg 610 MHz 81. deg 1.6 GHz 45. deg 2.3 GHz 36. deg 5.0 GHz 23. deg 8.4 GHz 17. deg 15.0 GHz 12. deg 22.0 GHz 9. deg 43.0 GHz 6. deg