COVER INFORMATION Station: TORUN (Code Tr ) Experiment: Tracing the Radio Outflows in RQ AGN from Pc- to Kpc-scales Exp. Code: EG131C Schedule Version: 1.00 Processed by SCHED version: 11.60 Release 11.6; April 2020 PI: Salmoli Ghosh Address: National Centre for Radio Astrophysics - TIFR S.P. Pune Univ. Campus, Ganeshkhind Pune India : 411007 Phone: (+91)020-25719000 EMAIL: salmoli.ghosh@gmail.com Fax: Phone during observation: (+91)8240982699/(+91)020-25719230 Observing mode: Phase-referencing continuum Notes: PCAL OFF Schedule for TORUN (Code Tr ) Page 2 Tracing the Radio Outflows in RQ AGN from Pc- to Kpc-scales UP: D => Below limits; H => Below horizon mask; W => still slewing at end; blank => Up. Early: Seconds between end of slew and start. Dwell: On source seconds. Disk: GBytes recorded to this point. TPStart: Recording start time. Frequencies are LO sum (band edge). SYNC: Time correlator is expected to sync up. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Start UT Source Start / Stop Early Disk TPStart Stop UT LST EL AZ HA UP ParA Dwell GBytes SYNC ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --- Tue 28 May 2024 Day 149 --- Next scan frequencies: 1626.49 1626.49 1626.49 1626.49 1690.49 1690.49 1690.49 1690.49 Next BBC frequencies: 673.51 673.51 673.51 673.51 609.51 609.51 609.51 609.51 Next scan bandwidths: 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 09 30 00 3C84 03 09 56 78.3 169.3 -0.2 -8.5 0 0 09 30 00 09 35 00 --- 03 14 57 78.5 174.0 -0.1 -4.8 300 39 09 30 01 09 40 00 J0119+3210 03 19 57 60.2 237.6 2.0 36.9 160 39 09 40 00 09 46 00 =0116+319 03 25 58 59.5 239.7 2.1 37.8 360 85 09 40 01 09 46 00 MRK993 03 25 58 60.2 237.6 2.0 36.8 -18 85 No stop 09 49 30 --- 03 29 29 59.7 238.8 2.0 37.4 192 112 09 46 01 09 50 00 J0119+3210 03 29 59 58.9 241.0 2.2 38.4 12 112 09 50 00 09 51 00 =0116+319 03 30 59 58.8 241.3 2.2 38.5 60 120 09 50 01 09 51 00 MRK993 03 30 59 59.5 239.3 2.1 37.6 -17 120 No stop 09 54 30 --- 03 34 30 59.1 240.4 2.1 38.1 193 147 09 51 01 09 54 30 J0119+3210 03 34 30 58.3 242.4 2.2 39.0 -18 147 No stop 09 56 00 =0116+319 03 36 00 58.1 242.9 2.3 39.2 72 158 09 54 31 09 56 00 MRK993 03 36 00 58.9 240.9 2.2 38.4 -17 158 No stop 09 59 30 --- 03 39 31 58.4 242.0 2.2 38.8 193 185 09 56 01 10 00 00 J0119+3210 03 40 01 57.6 244.1 2.3 39.7 12 185 10 00 00 10 01 00 =0116+319 03 41 01 57.5 244.4 2.3 39.8 60 193 10 00 01 10 01 00 MRK993 03 41 01 58.2 242.5 2.2 39.0 -17 193 No stop 10 04 30 --- 03 44 32 57.8 243.6 2.3 39.5 193 220 10 01 01 10 04 30 J0119+3210 03 44 32 57.0 245.4 2.4 40.3 -17 220 No stop 10 06 00 =0116+319 03 46 02 56.8 245.9 2.4 40.4 73 232 10 04 31 10 06 00 MRK993 03 46 02 57.5 244.0 2.3 39.7 -17 232 No stop 10 09 30 --- 03 49 32 57.1 245.1 2.4 40.1 193 259 10 06 01 10 10 00 J0119+3210 03 50 02 56.2 247.0 2.5 40.9 13 259 10 10 00 10 11 00 =0116+319 03 51 03 56.1 247.3 2.5 41.0 60 267 10 10 01 10 11 00 MRK993 03 51 03 56.9 245.5 2.4 40.3 -17 267 No stop 10 14 30 --- 03 54 33 56.4 246.6 2.5 40.7 193 294 10 11 01 10 14 30 J0119+3210 03 54 33 55.6 248.3 2.6 41.3 -17 294 No stop 10 16 00 =0116+319 03 56 03 55.4 248.7 2.6 41.5 73 305 10 14 31 Schedule for TORUN (Code Tr ) Page 3 Tracing the Radio Outflows in RQ AGN from Pc- to Kpc-scales UP: D => Below limits; H => Below horizon mask; W => still slewing at end; blank => Up. Early: Seconds between end of slew and start. Dwell: On source seconds. Disk: GBytes recorded to this point. TPStart: Recording start time. Frequencies are LO sum (band edge). SYNC: Time correlator is expected to sync up. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Start UT Source Start / Stop Early Disk TPStart Stop UT LST EL AZ HA UP ParA Dwell GBytes SYNC ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --- Tue 28 May 2024 Day 149 --- 10 16 00 MRK993 03 56 03 56.2 247.0 2.5 40.8 -17 305 No stop 10 19 30 --- 03 59 34 55.7 248.0 2.5 41.2 193 332 10 16 01 10 20 00 J0119+3210 04 00 04 54.8 249.9 2.7 41.8 13 332 10 20 00 10 21 00 =0116+319 04 01 04 54.7 250.1 2.7 41.9 60 340 10 20 01 10 21 00 MRK993 04 01 04 55.5 248.4 2.6 41.3 -16 340 No stop 10 24 30 --- 04 04 35 55.0 249.4 2.6 41.7 194 367 10 21 01 10 24 30 J0119+3210 04 04 35 54.2 251.1 2.7 42.2 -17 367 No stop 10 26 00 =0116+319 04 06 05 54.0 251.5 2.8 42.3 73 379 10 24 31 10 26 00 MRK993 04 06 05 54.8 249.8 2.7 41.8 -16 379 No stop 10 29 30 --- 04 09 36 54.3 250.8 2.7 42.1 194 406 10 26 01 10 30 00 J0119+3210 04 10 06 53.4 252.5 2.8 42.7 13 406 10 30 00 10 31 00 =0116+319 04 11 06 53.3 252.8 2.8 42.7 60 414 10 30 01 10 31 00 MRK993 04 11 06 54.1 251.2 2.7 42.2 -16 414 No stop 10 34 30 --- 04 14 36 53.6 252.1 2.8 42.5 194 441 10 31 01 10 34 30 J0119+3210 04 14 36 52.7 253.7 2.9 43.0 -16 441 No stop 10 36 00 =0116+319 04 16 07 52.5 254.1 2.9 43.1 74 452 10 34 31 10 36 00 MRK993 04 16 07 53.4 252.5 2.8 42.6 -16 452 No stop 10 39 30 --- 04 19 37 52.9 253.4 2.9 42.9 194 479 10 36 01 10 40 00 J0119+3210 04 20 07 52.0 255.1 3.0 43.4 14 479 10 40 00 10 41 00 =0116+319 04 21 07 51.8 255.3 3.0 43.4 60 487 10 40 01 10 41 00 MRK993 04 21 07 52.6 253.8 2.9 43.0 -16 487 No stop 10 44 30 --- 04 24 38 52.1 254.7 3.0 43.2 194 514 10 41 01 10 44 30 J0119+3210 04 24 38 51.3 256.2 3.1 43.6 -16 514 No stop 10 46 00 =0116+319 04 26 08 51.1 256.6 3.1 43.7 74 526 10 44 31 10 46 00 MRK993 04 26 08 51.9 255.0 3.0 43.3 -16 526 No stop 10 49 30 --- 04 29 39 51.4 255.9 3.0 43.5 194 553 10 46 01 10 50 00 J0119+3210 04 30 09 50.5 257.5 3.2 43.9 14 553 10 50 00 10 51 00 =0116+319 04 31 09 50.3 257.8 3.2 44.0 60 560 10 50 01 10 51 00 MRK993 04 31 09 51.2 256.3 3.1 43.6 -16 560 No stop 10 54 30 --- 04 34 40 50.7 257.1 3.1 43.8 194 587 10 51 01 Schedule for TORUN (Code Tr ) Page 4 Tracing the Radio Outflows in RQ AGN from Pc- to Kpc-scales UP: D => Below limits; H => Below horizon mask; W => still slewing at end; blank => Up. Early: Seconds between end of slew and start. Dwell: On source seconds. Disk: GBytes recorded to this point. TPStart: Recording start time. Frequencies are LO sum (band edge). SYNC: Time correlator is expected to sync up. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Start UT Source Start / Stop Early Disk TPStart Stop UT LST EL AZ HA UP ParA Dwell GBytes SYNC ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --- Tue 28 May 2024 Day 149 --- 10 54 30 J0119+3210 04 34 40 49.8 258.6 3.2 44.1 -16 587 No stop 10 56 00 =0116+319 04 36 10 49.6 259.0 3.3 44.2 74 599 10 54 31 10 56 00 MRK993 04 36 10 50.4 257.5 3.2 43.9 -16 599 No stop 10 59 30 --- 04 39 41 49.9 258.3 3.2 44.1 194 626 10 56 01 11 00 00 J0119+3210 04 40 11 49.0 259.9 3.3 44.4 14 626 11 00 00 11 01 00 =0116+319 04 41 11 48.9 260.1 3.3 44.4 60 634 11 00 01 11 01 00 MRK993 04 41 11 49.7 258.7 3.2 44.1 -16 634 No stop 11 04 30 --- 04 44 41 49.2 259.5 3.3 44.3 194 661 11 01 01 11 04 30 J0119+3210 04 44 41 48.3 260.9 3.4 44.6 -16 661 No stop 11 06 00 =0116+319 04 46 12 48.1 261.3 3.4 44.6 74 672 11 04 31 11 06 00 MRK993 04 46 12 49.0 259.9 3.3 44.3 -15 672 No stop 11 09 30 --- 04 49 42 48.5 260.7 3.4 44.5 195 699 11 06 01 11 10 00 J0119+3210 04 50 12 47.5 262.2 3.5 44.7 14 699 11 10 00 11 11 00 =0116+319 04 51 12 47.4 262.4 3.5 44.8 60 707 11 10 01 11 11 00 MRK993 04 51 12 48.2 261.0 3.4 44.5 -15 707 No stop 11 14 30 --- 04 54 43 47.7 261.8 3.5 44.7 195 734 11 11 01 11 14 30 J0119+3210 04 54 43 46.9 263.1 3.6 44.9 -16 734 No stop 11 16 00 =0116+319 04 56 13 46.6 263.5 3.6 44.9 74 746 11 14 31 11 16 00 MRK993 04 56 13 47.5 262.1 3.5 44.7 -16 746 No stop 11 19 30 --- 04 59 44 47.0 262.9 3.5 44.8 194 773 11 16 01 11 20 00 J0119+3210 05 00 14 46.0 264.3 3.7 45.0 14 773 11 20 00 11 21 00 =0116+319 05 01 14 45.9 264.6 3.7 45.0 60 781 11 20 01 11 21 00 MRK993 05 01 14 46.7 263.2 3.6 44.8 -16 781 No stop 11 24 30 --- 05 04 45 46.2 264.0 3.6 44.9 194 808 11 21 01 11 24 30 J0119+3210 05 04 45 45.4 265.3 3.7 45.1 -16 808 No stop 11 26 00 =0116+319 05 06 15 45.1 265.6 3.8 45.1 74 819 11 24 31 11 26 00 MRK993 05 06 15 46.0 264.3 3.7 45.0 -16 819 No stop 11 29 30 --- 05 09 45 45.5 265.1 3.7 45.0 194 846 11 26 01 11 30 00 J0119+3210 05 10 16 44.5 266.5 3.8 45.2 14 846 11 30 00 11 31 00 =0116+319 05 11 16 44.4 266.7 3.8 45.2 60 854 11 30 01 Schedule for TORUN (Code Tr ) Page 5 Tracing the Radio Outflows in RQ AGN from Pc- to Kpc-scales UP: D => Below limits; H => Below horizon mask; W => still slewing at end; blank => Up. Early: Seconds between end of slew and start. Dwell: On source seconds. Disk: GBytes recorded to this point. TPStart: Recording start time. Frequencies are LO sum (band edge). SYNC: Time correlator is expected to sync up. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Start UT Source Start / Stop Early Disk TPStart Stop UT LST EL AZ HA UP ParA Dwell GBytes SYNC ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --- Tue 28 May 2024 Day 149 --- 11 31 00 MRK993 05 11 16 45.2 265.4 3.7 45.1 -16 854 No stop 11 34 30 --- 05 14 46 44.7 266.1 3.8 45.1 194 881 11 31 01 11 34 30 J0119+3210 05 14 46 43.9 267.4 3.9 45.2 -16 881 No stop 11 36 00 =0116+319 05 16 17 43.6 267.7 3.9 45.2 74 893 11 34 31 11 36 00 MRK993 05 16 17 44.5 266.4 3.8 45.1 -16 893 No stop 11 39 30 --- 05 19 47 44.0 267.2 3.9 45.2 194 920 11 36 01 11 40 00 J0119+3210 05 20 17 43.0 268.5 4.0 45.3 14 920 11 40 00 11 41 00 =0116+319 05 21 17 42.9 268.7 4.0 45.3 60 927 11 40 01 11 41 00 MRK993 05 21 17 43.7 267.5 3.9 45.2 -16 927 No stop 11 44 30 --- 05 24 48 43.2 268.2 4.0 45.2 194 955 11 41 01 11 44 30 J0119+3210 05 24 48 42.3 269.5 4.1 45.3 -16 955 No stop 11 46 00 =0116+319 05 26 18 42.1 269.8 4.1 45.3 74 966 11 44 31 11 46 00 MRK993 05 26 18 43.0 268.5 4.0 45.2 -16 966 No stop 11 49 30 --- 05 29 49 42.5 269.2 4.0 45.2 194 993 11 46 01 11 50 00 J0119+3210 05 30 19 41.5 270.6 4.2 45.3 14 993 11 50 00 11 51 00 =0116+319 05 31 19 41.4 270.8 4.2 45.3 60 1001 11 50 01 11 51 00 MRK993 05 31 19 42.2 269.5 4.1 45.2 -16 1001 No stop 11 54 30 --- 05 34 50 41.7 270.2 4.1 45.2 194 1028 11 51 01 11 54 30 J0119+3210 05 34 50 40.8 271.4 4.2 45.3 -16 1028 No stop 11 56 00 =0116+319 05 36 20 40.6 271.7 4.3 45.2 74 1040 11 54 31 11 56 00 MRK993 05 36 20 41.5 270.5 4.2 45.2 -16 1040 No stop 11 59 30 --- 05 39 50 41.0 271.2 4.2 45.2 194 1067 11 56 01 12 00 00 J0119+3210 05 40 20 40.0 272.5 4.3 45.2 14 1067 12 00 00 12 01 00 =0116+319 05 41 21 39.9 272.7 4.3 45.2 60 1074 12 00 01 12 01 00 MRK993 05 41 21 40.7 271.5 4.2 45.2 -16 1074 No stop 12 04 30 --- 05 44 51 40.2 272.2 4.3 45.2 194 1101 12 01 01 12 04 30 J0119+3210 05 44 51 39.3 273.4 4.4 45.2 -16 1101 No stop 12 06 00 =0116+319 05 46 21 39.1 273.7 4.4 45.2 74 1113 12 04 31 12 06 00 MRK993 05 46 21 40.0 272.5 4.3 45.2 -16 1113 No stop 12 09 30 --- 05 49 52 39.4 273.2 4.4 45.2 194 1140 12 06 01 Schedule for TORUN (Code Tr ) Page 6 Tracing the Radio Outflows in RQ AGN from Pc- to Kpc-scales UP: D => Below limits; H => Below horizon mask; W => still slewing at end; blank => Up. Early: Seconds between end of slew and start. Dwell: On source seconds. Disk: GBytes recorded to this point. TPStart: Recording start time. Frequencies are LO sum (band edge). SYNC: Time correlator is expected to sync up. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Start UT Source Start / Stop Early Disk TPStart Stop UT LST EL AZ HA UP ParA Dwell GBytes SYNC ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --- Tue 28 May 2024 Day 149 --- 12 10 00 J0119+3210 05 50 22 38.5 274.5 4.5 45.1 14 1140 12 10 00 12 11 00 =0116+319 05 51 22 38.4 274.6 4.5 45.1 60 1148 12 10 01 12 11 00 MRK993 05 51 22 39.2 273.5 4.4 45.1 -16 1148 No stop 12 14 30 --- 05 54 53 38.7 274.1 4.5 45.1 194 1175 12 11 01 12 14 30 J0119+3210 05 54 53 37.8 275.3 4.6 45.0 -16 1175 No stop 12 16 00 =0116+319 05 56 23 37.6 275.6 4.6 45.0 74 1186 12 14 31 12 16 00 MRK993 05 56 23 38.5 274.4 4.5 45.1 -16 1186 No stop 12 19 30 --- 05 59 54 37.9 275.1 4.6 45.0 194 1213 12 16 01 12 20 00 J0119+3210 06 00 24 37.0 276.3 4.7 44.9 14 1213 12 20 00 12 21 00 =0116+319 06 01 24 36.9 276.5 4.7 44.9 60 1221 12 20 01 12 21 00 MRK993 06 01 24 37.7 275.4 4.6 45.0 -16 1221 No stop 12 24 30 --- 06 04 55 37.2 276.0 4.6 44.9 194 1248 12 21 01 12 24 30 J0119+3210 06 04 55 36.3 277.2 4.7 44.8 -16 1248 No stop 12 26 00 =0116+319 06 06 25 36.1 277.5 4.8 44.8 74 1260 12 24 31 12 26 00 MRK993 06 06 25 37.0 276.3 4.7 44.9 -16 1260 No stop 12 29 30 --- 06 09 55 36.5 277.0 4.7 44.8 194 1287 12 26 01 12 30 00 J0119+3210 06 10 25 35.5 278.2 4.8 44.7 14 1287 12 30 00 12 31 00 =0116+319 06 11 26 35.4 278.4 4.8 44.7 60 1295 12 30 01 12 31 00 MRK993 06 11 26 36.2 277.3 4.7 44.8 -15 1295 No stop 12 34 30 --- 06 14 56 35.7 277.9 4.8 44.7 195 1322 12 31 01 12 34 30 J0119+3210 06 14 56 34.9 279.0 4.9 44.6 -16 1322 No stop 12 36 00 =0116+319 06 16 26 34.6 279.3 4.9 44.5 74 1333 12 34 31 12 36 00 MRK993 06 16 26 35.5 278.2 4.8 44.7 -15 1333 No stop 12 39 30 --- 06 19 57 35.0 278.8 4.9 44.6 195 1360 12 36 01 12 40 00 J0119+3210 06 20 27 34.0 280.1 5.0 44.4 14 1360 12 40 00 12 41 00 =0116+319 06 21 27 33.9 280.2 5.0 44.4 60 1368 12 40 01 12 41 00 MRK993 06 21 27 34.7 279.1 4.9 44.5 -15 1368 No stop 12 44 30 --- 06 24 58 34.2 279.8 5.0 44.4 195 1395 12 41 01 12 44 30 J0119+3210 06 24 58 33.4 280.9 5.1 44.2 -16 1395 No stop 12 46 00 =0116+319 06 26 28 33.1 281.1 5.1 44.2 74 1407 12 44 31 Schedule for TORUN (Code Tr ) Page 7 Tracing the Radio Outflows in RQ AGN from Pc- to Kpc-scales UP: D => Below limits; H => Below horizon mask; W => still slewing at end; blank => Up. Early: Seconds between end of slew and start. Dwell: On source seconds. Disk: GBytes recorded to this point. TPStart: Recording start time. Frequencies are LO sum (band edge). SYNC: Time correlator is expected to sync up. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Start UT Source Start / Stop Early Disk TPStart Stop UT LST EL AZ HA UP ParA Dwell GBytes SYNC ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --- Tue 28 May 2024 Day 149 --- 12 52 00 4C39.25 06 32 29 57.0 97.4 -2.9 -50.0 -22 1407 12 52 00 12 59 00 --- 06 39 30 58.0 99.0 -2.8 -49.7 398 1461 12 52 01 SETUP FILE INFORMATION: NOTE: If DOPPLER, FREQ, or BW were used, see the individual scans for the final BBC settings. ======== Setup file: sess224.L1024 --- WARNING --- This group does not match an entry in the frequency catalog. This might be ok because the catalog is not complete. But be very careful to be sure that the setup is correct. Setup group: 8 Station: TORUN Total bit rate: 1024 Format: VDIF Bits per sample: 2 Sample rate: 64.000 Number of channels: 8 DBE type: DBBC_DDC Speedup factor: 1.00 Disk used to record data. 1st LO= 2300.00 2300.00 2300.00 2300.00 2300.00 2300.00 2300.00 2300.00 Net SB= L L U U L L U U IF SB = L L L L L L L L Pol. = RCP LCP RCP LCP RCP LCP RCP LCP BBC = 1 9 1 9 2 10 2 10 BBC SB= U U L L U U L L IF = A1 B1 A1 B1 A1 B1 A1 B1 The following frequency sets based on these setups were used. Frequency Set: 7 Setup file default. Used with PCAL = off LO sum= 1626.49 1626.49 1626.49 1626.49 1690.49 1690.49 1690.49 1690.49 BBC fr= 673.51 673.51 673.51 673.51 609.51 609.51 609.51 609.51 Bandwd= 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 Matching frequency sets: 7 Track assignments are: track1= 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 barrel=roll_off POSITIONS OF SOURCES USED IN RECORDING SCANS Source Source position (RA/Dec) Error (B1950) (J2000) (Date) (mas) * MRK993 01 22 42.704718 * 01 25 31.450000 01 26 52.333710 0.00 31 52 35.16789 * 32 08 10.40000 32 15 36.32444 0.00 From catalog imbedded in main SCHED input file. 0116+319 01 16 47.247876 * 01 19 35.003417 01 20 55.429157 2.97 * J0119+3210 31 55 05.83110 * 32 10 50.05658 32 18 20.07207 2.37 J0119+32 /home/guest/rmc/SCHED/sched11.6/catalogs/sources.gsfc GSFC 2016a X/S astro solution, 24 observations. * 3C84 03 16 29.567265 * 03 19 48.160096 03 21 23.034413 1.50 J0319+4130 41 19 51.91692 * 41 30 42.10404 41 35 54.34559 2.86 0316+413 /home/guest/rmc/SCHED/sched11.6/catalogs/sources.gsfc J0319+41 GSFC 2016a X/S astro solution, 10291 observations. * 4C39.25 09 23 55.319216 * 09 27 03.013937 09 28 33.866253 0.31 J0927+3902 39 15 23.56644 * 39 02 20.85185 38 56 11.84344 0.16 0923+392 /home/guest/rmc/SCHED/sched11.6/catalogs/sources.gsfc J0927+39 GSFC 2016a X/S astro solution, 250526 observations. SOURCE SCAN SUMMARY FOR SOURCES LISTED ABOVE Scan hours are for recording scans only. Baseline hours are only counted for scans above horizon at both ends. Source Setup file Frequency sets Observing hours (duplicates not shown) Scan Baseline MRK993 sess224.L1024 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2.100 155.745 J0119+3210 sess224.L1024 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0.850 56.611 3C84 sess224.L1024 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0.083 7.583 4C39.25 sess224.L1024 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0.117 6.284 EFFECT OF SOLAR CORONA The solar corona can cause unstable phases for sources too close to the Sun. SCHED provides warnings at individual scans for distances less than 10 degrees. The distance from the Sun to each source in this schedule is: Source Sun distance (deg) MRK993 40.5 J0119+3210 41.7 3C84 23.9 4C39.25 66.3 Barry Clark estimates from predictions by Ketan Desai of IPM scattering sizes that the Sun will cause amplitude reductions on the longest VLBA baselines at a solar distance of 60deg F^(-0.6) where F is in GHz. For common VLBI bands, this is: 327 MHz 117. deg 610 MHz 81. deg 1.6 GHz 45. deg 2.3 GHz 36. deg 5.0 GHz 23. deg 8.4 GHz 17. deg 15.0 GHz 12. deg 22.0 GHz 9. deg 43.0 GHz 6. deg